Which of the following is NOT listed among the courts established by the Texas Constitution?

• A. Texas Supreme Court
• B. Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
• C. Municipal Courts
• D. Justice Courts

Answer: (C)

This question tests understanding of which courts are created by the Texas Constitution versus by statute. The Texas Constitution names the two highest appellate courts—Texas Supreme Court for civil matters and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals for criminal matters—and provides for Justice Courts (often called Justice of the Peace courts) as part of the constitutional judiciary. Municipal Courts, however, are not established by the Constitution; they are created by the Legislature through statutes and local ordinances to handle city ordinance violations and limited matters. Therefore, Municipal Courts are not listed among the courts established by the Texas Constitution.